專題文章網頁壓力測試工具 ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool
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次閱讀 ab是針對Apache網站伺服器進行HTTP基礎測試的工具，目的是讓您瞭解自己設定的apache參數能夠服務每秒用戶端請求數量。結論：
次閱讀 ab是針對Apache網站伺服器進行HTTP基礎測試的工具，目的是讓您瞭解自己設定的apache參數能夠服務每秒用戶端請求數量。
網頁壓力測試工具 ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool
ab跟abs這支程式是Apache網站伺服器附屬程式，主要是用來測試 Apache 網頁伺服器的效能，特別是可以看出Apache網頁伺服器每秒能送出多少網站，除了Apache以外，也可以用來測試其他的網頁伺服器，例如IIS，如果是進行遠端壓力測試，請記得將防火牆關閉，不然您測到的是防火牆阻擋後的結果。
如何在Windows環境下測試遠端Apache網頁
如果您的桌上型電腦效能與記憶體夠強大的話，我們可以使用一般桌型電腦進行壓力測試，大部份的用戶使用Windows系統，我們可以下載Windows版的Apache網站伺服器，由於下載的軟體已經被整套封裝，我們可以在裝完成Apache後，至Apache目錄下的bin找到ab.exe跟abs.exe，可以將這兩支程式複製出來單獨使用。
將ab.exe放置在C:\Users\XXX下，執行命令提示字元，在DOS模式下指令ab -h
出現錯誤訊息：電腦遺失MSVCR110.dll。這是因為ab使用到 Microsoft Visual C++ 可轉散發套件 2012 的程式。您可在 Microsoft 網頁下載此可轉散發套件的 x86 或 64 版本。視您的ab是32或64位元而定(不是依您系統位元)，會需要安裝 32 位元或 64 位元版本。
請參閱以下連結: 下載適用於 Visual Studio 2012 Update 4 的 Visual C++ 可轉散發套件
原廠網頁連結：https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/programs/ab.html
我們只要在命令提示字元下指令ab -h可以取得相關參數。
C:\Users\WR>ab -h
Usage: ab [options] [http://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
-n requests Number of requests to perform
-c concurrency Number of multiple requests to make at a time
-t timelimit Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
This implies -n 50000
-s timeout Seconds to max. wait for each response
Default is 30 seconds
-b windowsize Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
-B address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
-p postfile File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
-u putfile File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
-T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
Default is 'text/plain'
-v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print
-w Print out results in HTML tables
-i Use HEAD instead of GET
-x attributes String to insert as table attributes
-y attributes String to insert as tr attributes
-z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes
-C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
-H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use
-V Print version number and exit
-k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
-d Do not show percentiles served table.
-S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-q Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
-l Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
-g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filename Output CSV file with percentages served
-r Don't exit on socket receive errors.
-m method Method name
-h Display usage information (this message)
相關中文說明如下：
C:\Users\WR>ab -h
用法: ab [參數] [http://]網址[:port]/網站路徑
參數 列表如下:
-n requests 要執行的連線次數
-c concurrency 同時提出多個連線數
-t timelimit 設定每個基準可以使用最大秒數
This implies -n 50000
-s timeout 接收每個回應最大秒數
Default is 30 seconds
-b windowsize 設定TCP發送/接收緩衝區大小，單位bytes
-B address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
-p postfile File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
-u putfile File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
-T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
Default is 'text/plain'
-v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print
-w Print out results in HTML tables
-i Use HEAD instead of GET
-x attributes String to insert as table attributes
-y attributes String to insert as tr attributes
-z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes
-C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
-H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use
-V Print version number and exit
-k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
-d Do not show percentiles served table.
-S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-q Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
-l Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
-g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filename 以百分比方式產生CSV檔
-r Don't exit on socket receive errors.
-m method Method name
-h Display usage information (this message)
實作同時 10 個連線，連續點擊 500 次
ab -e report.csv -n 500 -c 10 http://baliplant.epd.ntpc.net.tw/tw/index.php結果如下：
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1748469 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking baliplant.epd.ntpc.net.tw (be patient) Completed 100 requests Completed 200 requests Completed 300 requests Completed 400 requests Completed 500 requests Finished 500 requests Server Software: Apache Server Hostname: baliplant.epd.ntpc.net.tw Server Port: 80 Document Path: /tw/index.php Document Length: 18135 bytes Concurrency Level: 10 Time taken for tests: 36.340 seconds Complete requests: 500 Failed requests: 479 (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 479, Exceptions: 0) Total transferred: 580301 bytes HTML transferred: 380835 bytes Requests per second: 13.76 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 726.800 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 72.680 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 15.59 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 6 31 45.3 10 310 Processing: 110 691 589.3 486 3809 Waiting: 104 658 572.6 460 3759 Total: 124 722 588.2 530 3819 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 530 66% 710 75% 830 80% 950 90% 1391 95% 2046 98% 2876 99% 2972 100% 3819 (longest request)中文描述如下：
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1748469 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking baliplant.epd.ntpc.net.tw (be patient) Completed 100 requests Completed 200 requests Completed 300 requests Completed 400 requests Completed 500 requests Finished 500 requests 網頁主機使用的系統: Apache 網頁主機名稱: baliplant.epd.ntpc.net.tw 網頁主機連接埠: 80 測試網站的路徑: /tw/index.php 網站的回應大小: 18135 bytes 同時壓力測試的連線數: 10 測試時間(秒): 36.340 seconds 完成請求數: 500 請求失敗數: 479 (註1) (接通: 0, 接收: 0, 長度: 479, 例外: 0) 數據總傳輸量: 580301 bytes 網站總傳輸量: 380835 bytes 每秒可回應多少請求: 13.76 [#/sec] (平均值) 每個請求所花費的時間: 726.800 [ms] (平均值) 每個請求所花費的時間: 72.680 [ms] (平均值, 含所有連線數) 測試端至主機間傳輸速度: 15.59 [Kbytes/sec] received 連接時間 (ms) 最小值 平均值[+/-sd] 中間值 最大值 連接: 6 31 45.3 10 310 處理: 110 691 589.3 486 3809 等候: 104 658 572.6 460 3759 總計: 124 722 588.2 530 3819 每個百分比階段完成時間(千分之一秒) 50% 530 66% 710 75% 830 80% 950 90% 1391 95% 2046 98% 2876 99% 2972 100% 3819 (最長的請求)實作同時 10 個連線，連續點擊 1000 次
ab -e report.csv -n 1000 -c 10 http://baliplant.epd.ntpc.net.tw/tw/index.php結果如下：
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1748469 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/ Benchmarking baliplant.epd.ntpc.net.tw (be patient) Completed 100 requests Completed 200 requests Completed 300 requests Completed 400 requests Completed 500 requests Completed 600 requests Completed 700 requests Completed 800 requests Completed 900 requests Completed 1000 requests Finished 1000 requests Server Software: Apache Server Hostname: baliplant.epd.ntpc.net.tw Server Port: 80 Document Path: /tw/index.php Document Length: 18135 bytes Concurrency Level: 10 Time taken for tests: 71.321 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 979 (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 979, Exceptions: 0) Total transferred: 780436 bytes HTML transferred: 380835 bytes Requests per second: 14.02 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 713.210 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 71.321 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 10.69 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 10 33 49.2 12 346 Processing: 73 679 484.1 528 4333 Waiting: 73 637 476.9 484 4333 Total: 108 712 480.7 560 4345 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 560 66% 728 75% 890 80% 1010 90% 1363 95% 1625 98% 2137 99% 2511 100% 4345 (longest request)